Using switchTo to switch Window, Alert, Frame

 Knowing how to deal with Windows, Alerts, and Frames are essential in Selenium WebDriver.

In Selenium WebDriver, it uses TargetLocator interface to handle this switch. You may use it to switch to,

• Frame (using index, id or name, WebElement)
• Alert
• Window (using window handle)

Uses "driver.switchTo()" to get TargetLocator, and make sure using "driver.switchTo().defaultContent()" to switch back to main window.

Here is an example to demonstrate all these cases.

package me.simplejavautomation;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class SwitchApiTest {

    private WebDriver driver;
    private String url;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        url = "http://simplejavautomation.blogspot.com/2018/07/demo-page-for-selenium-webdriver-apis.html";
        // go to the demo page
        driver.get(url);
        // maximize the browser window
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        driver.quit();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchWindow() {
        // wait 10 seconds if web element is not present
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
        // find element
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Selenium")).click();

        assertEquals(currentWindow, driver.getWindowHandle());

        String[] windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles().toArray(new String[0]);
        assertTrue(windowHandles.length > 1);

        driver.switchTo().window(windowHandles[1]);
        assertEquals(windowHandles[1], driver.getWindowHandle());
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchAlert() {
        // wait 10 seconds if web element is not present
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // find element
        driver.findElement(By.id("simpleAlert")).click();

        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        assertEquals("Simple Java Automation", alert.getText());
        alert.accept();

        driver.findElement(By.id("confirmAlert")).click();

        alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        assertEquals("Simple Java Automation", alert.getText());
        alert.dismiss();

        driver.findElement(By.id("promptAlert")).click();

        alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        assertEquals("Is Java Automation simple?", alert.getText());
        alert.sendKeys("Yes");
        alert.accept();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchFrame() {
        JavascriptExecutor exe = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        int numberOfFrames = Integer.parseInt(exe.executeScript("return window.length").toString());
        assertEquals(6, numberOfFrames);

        // By finding all the web elements using iframe tag
        List<WebElement> iframeElements = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe"));
        assertEquals(6, iframeElements.size());

        // switch frame by index
        driver.switchTo().frame(0);
        // switch back
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
        // switch frame by id
        driver.switchTo().frame("iframeA");

        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

        WebElement iframeB = driver.findElement(By.id("iframeB"));
        // switch frame by web element
        driver.switchTo().frame(iframeB);
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchFrame2() {
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // switch frame by id
        driver.switchTo().frame("iframeA");
        driver.findElement(By.id("street")).sendKeys("Whangaparaoa Rd");
        driver.findElement(By.id("suburb")).sendKeys("Red Beach");
        driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();

        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        assertEquals("Street:Whangaparaoa Rd Suburb:Red Beach", alert.getText());
        alert.accept();

        // switch back
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

        // switch frame by index
        driver.switchTo().frame("iframeB");
        driver.findElement(By.id("city")).sendKeys("Auckland");
        driver.findElement(By.id("country")).sendKeys("New Zealand");
        driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();

        alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        assertEquals("City:Auckland Country:New Zealand", alert.getText());
        alert.accept();
     
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
    }

}